Is Ash’aris of the Sunnis and the community ? It is one of the controversies that existed among the scholars and jurists of the Islamic religion, as the Ash’arites consider themselves advocates of the absolute intellect even though they provided the text on the mind.
The genesis of the Ash’ari goes back to the Imam “Abi Hassan Al-Ash’ari,” who established an Islamic school that follows the Sunnis and has a doctrinal Sufi curriculum, and it is followed by a number of scholars such as Al-Ezz bin Abdul Salam, Al-Qushayri, Abu Al-Fakhr Al-Razi and others. We will answer with you today via e-mail.
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Who are the Ash’ari?
The Ash’ari people of the Ahl al-Sunnah group are not contradictory to the four imams and are not unbelievers for one of the people of the Qiblah, but the Ash’ari made the intellect a basis for understanding the text, and they confronted the Mu’tazila, as they falsified their sayings and nullified their likeness and worked to restore the truth to its position according to the platform of the ancestor of the nation, and Imam Abu al-Hassan al-Ash’ari did not establish A doctrine that contradicts the predecessors, but God inspired him to follow the doctrine of the Sunnah after he was on the doctrine of the Mu’tazila.
Abu al-Hasan al-Ash’ari is considered one of the most important speakers of the people of hadith, and the emergence of the Ash’ari had a great shift in the history of the Sunnah and the community, which was supported by the method of logic and analogy and the texts of the book and the Sunnah, and the Ash’ari also used mental evidence in many different doctrinal issues.
The expansion of the Ash’ari from North Africa to Central and Southeast Asia as well as separate regions in the Arab and Islamic world, and the Salafis found that the Ash’ari had violated the Sunnah while they claim not to contradict them, but rather they delegate the meaning to God Almighty and distract from the apparent meaning and this was called the method Authorization.
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Are Ash’ari from the Sunnis and the community among Muslims?
There are many opinions about whether or not the Ash’ari are among the people of the Sunnah and the Jamaa or not, as some Sunni scholars say that the sayings of the Ash’ari are contradictory and tolerate extremism and that they have sayings that tend to the Mu’tazila, while there are some scholars from the Sunnis who assert that the Ash’ari are among the people of Sunnis and their sayings correspond to the Sunnis and the community.
In this context, we will put in your hands multiple opinions of some scholars about whether the Ash’ari follow the Sunnis and the Jamaa or not, as follows:
1- The opinion of Imam Abu Al-Nasr Al-Sijzi
Imam Abu Al-Nasr clarifies that the Ash’ari are not among the Sunnis and the community, but they are among the people of gossip and speech, and he considers them among the people of heresy, as he said in the chapter on his contract to clarify the Sunnah What is it? Does one become from it?
“Every supplicant of the Sunnah must demand the correct transmission of what he says, and if he did that he knew his truthfulness, and before he said it, and if he was unable to transmit what he said about the predecessors, he knew that he was a distracting narrator, and that he did not deserve to listen to him or look at his saying, and our speaking opponents are known. Of them all, avoiding the transmission and saying it, but erasing them for its family is apparent, and it is known that the correct transmission is Sunnah followed and this is what has been proven from the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace.
And the Imam goes to the effect that the Ash’ari harm is greater than the harm of the Mu’tazila, as he said: “Then the people of the Sunnah were decimated after these, that is, the Mu’tazilites by a people who claim to be among the followers of followers, and their harm is more than the harm of the Mu’tazila and others, namely Abu Muhammad ibn Kalab, Abu al-Abbas al-Qalansi, and Abu al-Hasan al-Ash’ari.” .
2- Al-Safarini’s opinion
Al-Safarini said that the Ash’ari are among the people of the Sunnah and the community, as he divided the Sunnis into three groups and said: The Sunnis and the Jamat are three groups:
- Archeology: And their imam, Ahmed bin Hanbal.
- Ash’ari: And their imam is Abu al-Hasan al-Ash’ari.
- The Maturid: and their imam, Abu Mansur al-Matridi.
But the safarini was not spared from this head, and some scholars attacked him, such as Sheikh Ibn Sahman, who said: “This is a synthesis of the compilation, may God Almighty have mercy on him, in introducing it to Ash’ari and what is wanted in Ahl al-Sunnah and the community, so how can one of the Sunnis be who does not prove the height of the Lord, glory be to Him, above His heavens? And Istiha on the throne, and he says: The letters of the Qur’an are created, and that God does not speak with a letter and a sound, nor does it prove that the believers see their Lord in Heaven with their eyes, for they acknowledge the vision and interpret it with the increase of knowledge that God creates in the heart of the visionary.
In addition to other rumors that attacked al-Saffarini as he invented it that the Ash’ari are a group of the Sunnis and the community.
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3- The opinion of Sheikh Abdullah Ababtain
Sheikh Abdullah Babtain says on the authority of the Ash’ari, that dividing the Sunnis into three groups is a matter of consideration, as the Sunnis have one division or one division, which the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, explained when he was asked: “It is the group.” In another hadith: “He who is like What I am today and my companions. ”Therefore, the Ash’ari are not from the Sunnis and the Sunnis are the archaeological group.
4- The opinion of Ibn al-Baz
Sheikh Abd al-Aziz bin Baz said when he responded to the saying of al-Sabunin: “Interpretation of some attributes does not deviate a Muslim from the group of Ahl al-Sunnah.” He said: “It is correct in the sentence, so the interpreter of some qualities such as poetic does not deviate from the Muslim community or from the people of the Sunnah except in the section of attributes. It is also not included in the Sunnis when the proof and denial of interpretation is mentioned.
He also said that Ash’ari and their proverbs do not enter the Sunnis in proving attributes just because they disagree with them and follow their approach, in addition to that there is no objection to saying: The Ash’ari are not among the Sunnis in the section of attributes and names even if they are among them in other chapters, and that is so that the viewer knows In their doctrine, they mistakenly interpreted some of the attributes and did not follow the companions of the Messenger, peace be upon him, and their followers.
5- Ibn Taymiyyah’s opinion
Ibn Taymiyyah says that the Ash’ari are among the people of proof because they prove some qualities, and thus they are closer to the Sunnis than other sects, but a distinction is made between their sheikhs and imams who are advanced and among the later ones, as he made the advanced closer to the Salafists and the Sunnis and made the later ones closer to the Mu’tazila and Jahmiyya, due to the large number of their approval in Many sayings.
Ibn Taymiyyah says in Sharh al-Isfahani: that the Ash’ari are closer to the imams, the predecessors, and the people of hadith, and what Ibn Taymiyyah sees is that it is necessary to detail and clarify regarding whether the Ash’aris are among the Sunnis or they are excluded from them, and it is not said that they are from the Sunnis at all, because they are not completely on the Sunnah in Many matters, as they are not called, are not Sunnis due to the following considerations:
- In the general sense, the Sunnis are Sunnis.
- In acts of worship, transactions and beliefs they are from the Sunnis, as the Ash’ari in matters of worship have no sayings that make them not from the Sunnis.
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The difference between the Sunnis and the community and the Ash’ari
With regard to what we have referred to about whether the Ash’ari are among the people of the Sunnah and the community, and the saying of some scholars there is between a supporter that they are from the Sunnis even if they violate some other chapters, and a refusal to disagree with the Sunnis and their departure from following the companions of the Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his followers, so we will clarify some of the differences Between the Sunnis and the community and the Ash’ari, as follows:
First: the Sunnis and the community
- The Sunnis and the community are known by this name because they follow the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, and that they are the group mentioned by the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace.
- The Sunnis are considered the Companions, the Successors, and those who followed them and followed them until the Day of Resurrection, and that they did not invent something other than what was said and revealed to the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, and they did not change, alter or bring about what is not from it and what they did not follow in the belief and the Sunnah, and they followed the saying and improved it. .
Second: the Ash’ari doctrine
The Ash’ari is considered a group of verbal sects that were established after the virtuous centuries and affiliated with “Abi Al-Hassan Ali Ibn Ismael Al-Ash’ari”, who God passed away in the year 324 of the Hijra, and he was from the Mu’tazila sect and then left it in the year 300 AH and began to respond to them with their verbal methods on the one hand, And with the text of the Qur’an and the Sunnah on the other hand, and thus he stood before the Mu’tazila until it became about them and in this context a fabricated doctrine arose that was not from the Sunnah and not from the words of the complete intellect.
Then, after Al-Ash’ari left the Mu’tazila and defeated them and the Jahmiyya, he became aware of the truth when he triumphed in the Sunnah of the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and the Book of God the Truth, so that he retracted his words regarding attributes and others and decided to join the people of the Sunnah and the community, until he showed that in his book “Al-Ibana”. However, God guided him from the doctrinal fabrication and said: “And our saying that we say by it and our religion that we owe, adhere to the book of our Lord Almighty and the Sunnah of our Prophet Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, and what was narrated on the authority of the Companions and Followers, and the imams of hadith, and we are adhering to this and what Abu Abdullah used to say. Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Hanbal, may God protect his face, raise his rank, and make his reward clear by those who say, and those who disagree with his words are disputed.
On the other hand, the Ash’ari went through a historical period that worked to widen the gap between it and its Sunnis and the community, especially after their imams were introduced to extraneous foundations of philosophy, logic, mysticism, controversy and speech, but it became a belief that contains many mixtures and mixtures, and among the most important of these are those who mixed beliefs With these extraneous foundations, Al-Baqlani, Al-Qushayri, Abu Al-Maali Al-Juwayni, Ibn Al-Arabi, Al-Amidi, Imam Al-Ghazali, and others.
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Ash’ari rule among the four imams
The matter was not limited to determining whether the Ash’ari are among the Sunnis and the community? What they are called as Ahl-as-Sunnah or less are the opinions of scholars, but the ruling on describing them as Ahl-as-Sunnah wal-Jama` in the four schools of thought may be shocking words for those who tend to believe that they follow the Sunnis and this is as follows:
First: the Maliki school of thought
- The people of the Malikis say that it is not permissible for Ash’ari to testify, as they are among the people of innovation and whims, and that they must be disciplined for what they invented and that their persistence requires submission.
- Ibn al-Qayyim confirmed this saying at the meeting of the Islamic armies when he said: “What is the Ash’ari, if they do not have words?”
Second: the Shafi’i school of thought
- Imam Abu al-Abbas ibn Suraih, known as al-Shafi’i II, says: We do not say the interpretation of the Mu’tazila, Ash’ari, Jahmiyya, atheist, anthropomorphic, al-Mu’tazila, al-Karamiyya and al-Muqiyatah, but rather we accept them without interpretation and believe in them without representation. Therefore, there is denunciation and denial that the Ash’ari are among the Sunnis and the community and that they are an emergency speech group.
Third: The Hanafi School
- What has been quoted from Imam al-Tahawi is an extremely obligatory confirmation that the Ash’ari are not among the people of the Sunnah and the community, and those who say that God is not on the throne or stopped in it have been atoned, as they deny that he is the Most High on the Throne and deny his superiority, and this is why they do not follow the method of belief for the people of Sunnis and therefore are not from it.
Fourth: the Hanbali school of thought
- The position of the Hanbalis towards the Ash’ari is clear in their fight against the Ash’ari during the period of the state of the king’s regime, and it has been emphasized that the Ash’ari is a doctrine that contradicts the Sunnis and that they are from the people of heretics and that they are from the people of the Qiblah there is no doubt about this, but they are not from the Sunnis and the community.
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Topic summary in 4 points
- The Ash’ari are a verbal group that follows the approach of speech, philosophy and logic, and they direct themselves as being from the Sunnis and the community, and the name of the Ash’ari goes back to its founder, Abi Al-Hassan Al-Ash’ari.
- Are the Ash’ari people among the Sunnis and the community about which there is a difference of many sayings that they are among the Sunnis for some of their positions that go back to the Companions of the Ancestors, and what is indicated that they are not from the Sunnis in anything because of the sayings that they create that deny God Almighty in attributes.
- There are different opinions that have been summarized as to whether the Ash’ari are among the Sunnis and the Jamaa or not, by Ibn Baz, Ibn Taymiyyah, and others.
- The imams of the four Shafi’i, Hanbali, Maliki and Hanafi schools are unanimously agreed that the Ash’ari are among the people of innovation and speech, and it is not permissible to describe them as the Sunnis.